Proprietary Zinc-Copper Complex :

A scientific evaluation of the possible mechanisms of action and its observed effects 
by John McBride, PhD Biochemistry

Reprinted by permission from Meditrend LLC

Product Background

Sundancer Products’ Superior Skin Repair (SSR) formulation composed of a proprietary cationic zinc/copper mineral complex has been paired with vitamins, botanicals and peptides to synergistically control and eliminate viral, bacterial and fungal infections, while at the same time, provide nutrients to enhance new cell growth. SSR cream is readily absorbed into the dermis, providing an efficient pathway for nutrients to be utilized by the dermis and tissue beneath the skin.

History
Over 25 years and $20 million dollars of research by scientists and in testing (see Attachment A – R&D Spending) have focused on development of a new skin repair and regeneration technology capable of safely eliminating non typical, anaerobic or mutated cells by using natural immune functions to nourish and regenerate new, healthy aerobic cells.

SSR formulation mode of action is designed to enable the body to target and eliminate mutated/anaerobic cells and promote healthy cell growth. Importantly, small alterations of the product formulation can be purposed to enable the body to target a variety of localized pathologies.

This unique proprietary formula compounded with synergistic and beneficial ingredients has been proven effective and efficacious on humans, animals and plants/soil biome in user and laboratory tests. Liquid versions were designed to enable a variety of potential delivery mechanisms and product configurations including transdermal patches, topical and sublingual sprays, as well as inhalers and vaporizers.

How Does It Work?
For the health-conscious individual, a daily regimen of supplements is often in the offing, along with a good diet. However, this mode requires nutrients to undergo the normal digestive pathway and is subject to harsh environments and complicated absorption processes. Absorbed nutrients are transported throughout the body and are diluted to a level that may or may not be efficacious. The advantage of a topical cream, such as SSR, is the targeted application to a problem area and concentration of active ingredients in that tissue.

These targeted areas may be sites of infection, abnormal growths or skin discolorations that may be cause for concern. (1) Areas may also be covered purely for promotion of healthy skin, especially since the dermis is constantly renewing itself and shedding dead skin cells. So, SSR can be used for a myriad of personal reasons.

The genius of SSR is that it combines many of biologically active ingredients that can be used for skin problems, but it also promotes the growth and renewal of tissue that has been compromised, invaded by microbes or otherwise in need of regeneration. Many skin abnormalities are caused by the presence of anaerobic, non-typical or mutated cells. By eliminating these non-typical cells and latent toxicity, growth of new, healthy aerobic cells is facilitated.

Zinc and Copper Sulfate
SSR formulation uses biologically available cations in inorganic coordination complexes formed by coordinate bond formation between an electropositive mineral cation and molecular groups that possess unshared electron pairs. These low pH SSR complexes facilitate transport of zinc and copper ions systemically through tissue.

SSR formula consists of two highly biologically available cationic minerals (2), Zn and Cu, in quantities sufficient to kill the simpler mutated organisms without impairing function of more complex organism (3). These two ions are essential for a healthy innate immune response (4), active cellular response controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS), and direct attack on bacteria (5), viruses (6, 7), fungi and non-typical cells. When applied topically to the abnormal area, the ingredients are concentrated on that area. Minerals are then systemically transported through the skin layers to infected organs or tissue. SSR formula promotes access to disease-causing cells or organisms where an uptake of an amount of cationic minerals (that are toxic to anaerobic/non-typical cells) results in overdoes and death of diseased cells or organisms. Additionally, many diseases utilize an anaerobic fermentation process that is impaired by oxygen suggesting a secondary mechanism for destroying abnormal diseased cells. SSR formula also contains sulfur which may further aid in destroying diseased cells while providing relief for pain.

It is Important to note however, uptake of minerals in a highly biologically available form is the prime mode of action. The general principle of SSR formula enables rapid entry of this proprietary mineral complex into the aerobic biological system of humans or animals in a cationic form which penetrates and migrates toward anaerobic diseased cells when present. When disease is beneath the epidermal skin layer, this unique mineral complex carrier is capable of penetrating the barrier between aerobic and anaerobic tissues. Other mineral formulations are not as biologically available, either because they are in a partially insoluble form or they are complexed too strongly, thus unable to pass through cellular tissues. This unique quality of SSR formulation is rapid penetration of the membrane enabling movement of large amounts of cationic minerals into diseased tissue.

Diseases have four vulnerabilities that can be attacked by SSR formulation:
1. Penetrating the outer membrane (8) of abnormal, diseased cells,
2. Interfering with internal mechanisms that drive cell metabolism,
3. Zn is a very effective anti-viral that can inhibit viral entry into the cell and once in the cell block reproduction of viral particles (9).
4. Where Zn/Cu concentrations are high, abnormal cells will find these levels toxic and undergo apoptosis. (10)

Because of systemic capabilities of SSR formulation, biologically available minerals attack all vulnerable abnormal diseased cell targets. Use of this bio-available formulation enables cell membranes to be easily transversed.

A Deeper Look at Target Cells
Proliferation of mutated or diseased cells within the body is a common occurrence. These cells begin to express proteins that have abnormal functionality and may be detected by the body’s immune system and destroyed. A cell will often communicate these abnormalities to the immune system, and killer cells or phagocytes will be sent to the area to clear out these abnormal cells. However, there are circumstances where mutated cells are able to set up defenses and false signals that delay this immune response. In these cases, growth of a tumor may begin and the cellular micro-environment will be altered due to changes in amino acid demands, oxygen consumption and energy pathways. Normal protein expression of these cells can also be altered drastically. Normal nutrient transport, internal regulatory proteins and mitochondrial energy pathways are drastically redirected. The cell’s ability to regulate reproduction and obey spatial boundaries is lost. Diseased cells utilize all available minerals, sugars, fats, and proteins to fuel their reproduction using abbreviated energetic cycles. Sometimes these energy pathways are anaerobic due to a depletion of locally available oxygen and a fermentation process may follow. However, in this rapid glycolysis, the cytoplasm easily becomes hypoxic and lactate production is favored. Lactate, which is excreted in normal cells can be utilized in the mitochondria of cancer cells to produce some of the cell’s nutrients. This process requires a large amount of glucose fuel and nutrients to fuel rapid cell proliferation. Often, regulatory pathways for nutrients are encumbered and alternative pathways are adopted that often do not have normal protective mechanisms in place. (12) The higher the rate of replication, the less oxygen is available for healthy tissues surrounding such diseased cells. Even though lactate may be utilized in mitochondria, it is also excreted and an acidic lactate/lactic acid equilibrium is established in tumor extracellular space. (13, 14, 15) In this region, accelerated growth of cells and organisms employ anaerobic cycle of abnormal cells including some viral infections which are in their own way a perturbation of normal cell’s protein expression and nutrient uptake pathways.

SSR formula exploits a flaw in exponential expansion mechanism of diseased organisms. Specifically, mineral-gathering mechanism of the organism is exploited against itself. Lower order disease organisms gather necessary minerals and other building blocks in an amount proportionate to their environmental availability. If local, high concentrations of certain minerals exist, these prokaryotic micro-organisms can easily be exposed to toxic doses and killed. This differs from metabolic processes of higher organisms that only gather enough elements and building blocks to satisfy normal cellular homeostasis. Abnormal cells may however, be subject to the same destiny as simpler pathogenic microorganisms.

Formation of Biological Metal Complexes
Metals in biological systems can exist as aqueous ions such as sodium and potassium, but many metals necessary for life are transition metals found in the D-block of the Periodic Table.

These metals, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are present in biological systems as metal complexes. These ions are able to form coordinate covalent bonds with species called ligands. These ligands have atoms that have electron pairs that are available to be shared with metallic ions that have a positive charge and have empty coordination sphere orbitals. Most organic molecules and ions that have oxygen and nitrogen will have these paired electrons available for bonding with metal ions. When a metal ion forms a coordinate bond with a ligand, a complex is formed. When this complex has a net charge, it is a complex ion. Neutral complexes will not be soluble in the aqueous environment of a cell. Depending on the charge of the metal ion and ligand, both positive and negative complexes can be formed, and will be more soluble in biological environs.

There is an equilibrium established in an organism when a complex is present. Depending on the strength of the bond between the ligand and metal ion, a small amount of free metal ion will be present. This equilibrium is pH dependent and also dependent on other ligands that may be present in organisms.

Efficiency of SSR formula is directly proportional to the amount of free Zn ions. The term, free Zn ions is misleading. Sub nano-molar concentrations of Zn would exist as an aqua-complex, i.e., complexed by water molecules. The vast majority of Zn is complexed by naturally occurring organic ions in the system of the body or by metal chaperone proteins. Many sources for Zn have chelating agents that decrease biological availability of Zn. In SSR formula, Zn is complexed with an amine through the dermis where it is picked up by Zn transport proteins and other naturally occurring ligands and transported to cells. (16, 17, 18) Topical application of Zn will lead to a localized higher concentration of free Zn and enhance absorption into surrounding tissue.

Other Zn products only produce a limited amount of Zn ions because of their limited solubility. Zn oxide, for example, releases Zn ions depending on acidity of the product. Zinc sulfate has a weaker bonding structure than Zn oxide. Complex cations and inorganic coordination complexes are generated which allow ions to act independently without a counterbalance on the cell membrane thereby enabling ionic minerals to be transported throughout the body, passing through healthy cells with no negative effect.
Secondary Active Transport - Sundancer ProductsSSR formulation includes a high level of sulfur in the form of sulfate which functions as an active secondary transport complex. (19) This sulfate has a negative charge and is not solvated or wrapped up in transport proteins or ligands like positive Zn and Cu ions. Movement of sulfate into cells is dependent on a number of factors including concentrations of other ions, pH and concentration gradients across the membrane. If influx of sulfate is favored it can aid in movement of Zn and Cu ions in their movement into the cell. This is especially useful when the active ATP transport process is inhibited. This sulfur complex can operate synergistically with the mineral complex by accelerating absorption of affected cells. This high level of free sulfur can be transported to various locations and may speed reconstitution of damaged tissue affected by disease.

Sulfur is a non-metallic acidic micro-mineral usually consumed as part of a larger zinc-copper compound whose expression is not usually considered an aid to mitigation of aberrant diseased cells. However, benefits of sulfur are well known and a formulation that combines a high-sulfur content (NH4HSO4) base with minerals that contain sulfur (zinc sulfate, etc.) provides an abundance of free sulfur that may accumulate in those regions of the human body requiring attention.

The preferred mineral would be a sulfate for that reason but is not necessary for success of free sulfur. Benefits of sulfur include boosting the immune system and providing pain relief to targeted cells. The mechanism by which free sulfur is produced in this mixture operate similarly to the operative mode of glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

SOD - Sundancer ProductsSuperoxide Dismutase (SOD)
SODs are essential enzymes that eliminate superoxide radicals (O2-) and thus protect cells from damage induced by free radicals. (20) In the metabolic process, oxygen is reduced to a superoxide radical that is designated as a Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). SODs convert superoxide radicals which are highly reactive to diatomic oxygen and hydrogen peroxide by catalyzing a disproportionation reaction. The hydrogen peroxide must then be further reduced to water by glutathione (GPX). These ROS species create oxidative stress and can lead to protein or DNA damage, and inevitably cell apoptosis if not removed by SODs and GPX. (21) SODs act to remove superoxide to ensure healthy cell functioning.

In humans, there are two SODs (SOD1 and SOD3) that integrate Zn and Cu in their structures. SOD1 is found primarily in the cytosol and to a lesser degree in the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it serves to neutralize ROS created during normal energy production in mitochondria. However, SOD1 is mainly responsible for preventing apoptosis from bursts of ROS created during oxidative stress events. SOD3 is extracellular, providing the first line of defense against ROS species outside of cells. SOD3 are expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells which are found in the heart and lungs and to a lesser degree in liver and brain tissue. SOD2 integrates Mn and is a mitochondrial SOD that regulates ROS that are formed during energy production in the mitochondria of each cell. The active O2- production and low SOD activity in mutated cells may render malignant cells highly dependent on SOD for survival and sensitive to inhibition of SOD. While mechanisms for SOD gene expression are not fully understood, it is found that higher availability of Zn and Cu will lead to higher expression of SOD1 and SOD3. (22-28)

SOD3 - Sundancer ProductsSSR formula also contains a mineral complex of ammonia ligands with zinc and copper forming a highly absorbable form of Zn and Cu ions. Having penetrated the dermis, ions are transported to cells by naturally occurring Zn and Cu transport proteins which are responsible for maintaining metal ion homeostasis in the body. A smaller percentage of Zn and Cu will be complexed by smaller organic and amine ligands and made available to cells more quickly. Once inside the cell, some of the Zn and Cu will be incorporated into SOD proteins. (29) These SODs function as free radical oxygen scavengers that may be effective in renewing tissue damaged by disease, or mechanical damage such as cuts. SOD may also be effective against radiation damage.

Copper
Copper is a key element required for a healthy innate immune system. (30) Cu is key to healthy neutrophil development which requires healthy phagocytotic activity as well as bactericidal function. Presence of excess Cu ions in bacteria can interfere with normal function of antioxidants in bacteria, depleting them and leading to increased oxidative stress in bacteria and eventually bacteria death. (31, 32) Another possible bacteriotoxin modality is competition of active sites in metalloproteins that are usually occupied by other minerals, such as Fe or Mn. This interference will lead to disruption of other bacterial metabolic pathways and eventually cell death.

Cytochrome - Sundancer ProductsCu is required for proper function of cytochrome oxidase which is a fundamental component of the ATP-energy pathway utilized in mitochondria. A deficiency of cytochrome oxidase is a metabolic defect of mutated cells that causes blockage of cellular respiration or oxidative energy production. Bio-available copper in SSR makes copper and zinc available to the cytochrome oxide enzyme that is copper dependent. This influx of available Cu will promote energy production of impaired cells and production of healthy, new cells.

Copper is an essential nutrient required for normal metabolic processes, including formation of connective tissue protein, collagen; and maintaining the body’s immune system. University of Southampton, UK, discovered that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) die within an hour or so of coming into contact with copper surfaces. It has further been discovered that an alloy of copper with zinc is a more effective anti-bacterial agent. Copper research studies concluded that anti-bacterial effect of copper was related to its ability to release copper ions which have a damaging effect on diseased cell membranes.

Zinc
Zn is one of the most essential trace minerals. It is found in 10% of the proteins in the body. Deficiencies are strongly tied to neuronal and immune system defects. Besides being essential in the function of SODs in the cell, Zn is also responsible for cell membrane stabilization, upregulation of metallothionein which is necessary for metal transport and antioxidant functions. In addition, Zn suppresses inflammatory responses that can promote oxidative stress. Deficiencies in Zn are seen in cancer cells and areas of increased oxidative stress. It should also be stressed that an overload of Zn can cause cellular oxidative stress. Healthy cells with proper homeostatic function will be able to regulate the Zn concentrations, but mutated cells, cancers and certain pathogenic microbes will be much more prone to this increased Zn availability. (33) Zn levels found in healthy cells are cytotoxic to cancer cells.

In a recent publication, “Zinc: The Wonder Drug for Treatment of Carcinomas”, (11) revealed that evidence has been overwhelming in connecting the role of Zn concentrations in health and malignant cells. (23, 27) Deficiency of Zn influx proteins (ZIP) which transport Zn into the cell is characteristic of many cancers. By introducing other means of Zn transport, it is postulated that ZIP protein expression may be enhanced and Zn levels may become cytotoxic to the malignancy and cancer would be destroyed. This is found in carcinomas, prostate cancer, (22, 26), liver cancer (24) and pancreatic cancer. Breast cancer is yielding mixed data, since Zn levels are higher in breast ductal cancer, however, this correlation is still being evaluated as to its significance.

Ion transport efficiency of SSR formula is in direct relation to the amount of bio-available Zn ions. Complex ion and/or inorganic coordination complexes using zinc are prepared by combining and agitating zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) with a mixture of acids and water. The result is a zinc mineral complex able to penetrate through cell membranes without being blocked.

Other products containing zinc only produce a limited amount of ionic zinc. Zinc oxide, for example, releases zinc ions depending on acidity of the product. Zinc sulfate has a weaker bonding structure than zinc oxide. Complex cations and inorganic coordination complexes are generated which allow ions to act independently without a counterbalance at the cell membrane enabling zinc ions to be transported throughout the body, passing through healthy cells with no effect. The proprietary, cationic minerals of SSR formula are compounded with a topical cream and/or gel base which does not interfere with acidity of the product. Other active ingredient delivery systems are being researched.

Silver Dihydrogen Citrate (SDC) and Citric Acid
SDC is being investigated as a powerful antimicrobial. (34) Bacteria will attempt to utilize the compound as a food source, since citrate is a common source of energy of many bacteria. The silver ion piggy-backs into the cell as part of the SDC molecule. Once inside the cell, this silver disrupts DNA and other protein activity leading to cessation of cell reproduction and eventuates cell death.Silver Ion - Sundancer Products

Silver ion can also be bound to thiol groups prevalent in proteins in the outer membrane of bacteria. These proteins are required for metabolic and structural integrity of bacteria. Destroying the structure of these proteins leads to inhibition of their function or disruption of bacteria’s membrane and eventual cell death.

Research with SDC focuses on determining if two main “antigenic” surface glycoproteins of flu virus will bind SDC and kill virus infected cells. Research may determine if SDC will easily inhibit viral absorption of a healthy host cell by denaturing surface/envelope proteins of virus infected cell. Altering the shape of a protein causes loss of biologic activity (“denaturation”). Furthermore, SDC may be capable of entering the nucleus of a viral infected cell, thereby denaturing its capability to replicate by attaching to DNA and through its RNA transcription end-products.

Cell Regeneration and Renewal Formula
SSR formula includes several vitamins that are essential to skin health, protection and repair. These include Vitamins B3, B5, B6, C and E. Vitamin B3 is necessary to form NAD and NADP which are critical to cellular energy production, cellular signaling, and control of many cellular processes. B5 is necessary for building Coenzyme A and fatty acid metabolism. B6 is required for incorporation of Fe in heme synthesis. Perhaps more importantly, B6 facilitates metabolism and growth of nerve tissue and DNA synthesis, both of which are needed in new tissue growth. Vitamin C is a strong antioxidant that serves as a protectant from ROS/RNS formation which occurs when cells are in the process of destruction and renewal. (35) The more acidic nature of this formula facilitates penetration of Vitamin C into the dermis, which is usually very inefficient. Vitamin C is also necessary for synthesis and stabilization of collagen and elastin in creation of new skin. Finally, Vitamin E is an antioxidant, easily absorbable since it is oil soluble. In an environment of cell disruption and healing, inflammatory processes, which include immune activity for cleaning out the site and angiogenesis, fibroblast activation (36) and rapid cell growth and respiration require a tight control on oxidative stresses.

As cells are being produced and cell growth is accelerated, energetic pathways within the cell, primarily the electron transport pathway in mitochondria require certain proteins, co-enzymes and regulators to be present. SSR formula includes ubiquinone, glutathione and grapeseed extract. Ubiquinol is a co-enzyme in the ATP energy pathway, glutathione is an antioxidant that converts hydrogen peroxide to water in mitochondria and grape seed extract has antiplatelet and vasodilatory properties which provide a rapid infusion of necessary building blocks to reach the construction zone. (37)

Other ingredients in SSR formula also have distinct and focused properties. Lecithin and Phospholipids are necessary to provide materials for cell membranes and intercellular lipid membranes. Saccharomyces Lysate provide a fermented rich nutrient base that can be utilized for protein construction and provides these peptides and amino acids in a highly available form. Finally, there are other ingredients that are common in many skin care products that moisturize, protect and increase absorbability of the active ingredients in the three layers of skin. These carriers are essential to transfer vitamins, minerals and other active components into the sub- dermal tissue.

When combined, all these components of SSR formula act as a highly efficient and absorbable vitamin and mineral infusion for skin and tissue in the locale of the application. While each component has a multitude of benefits, they act synergistically to promote new tissue growth, inhibit and target growth of mutated cells and pathogenic microbes, and provide healthy cells with high levels of protection from cellular chaos that may be encroaching on their neighborhood. The figure below plots the many processes that are Graph - Sundancer Productsproceeding as our bodies heal from trauma, immune response to mutation and infections. SSR formula has many elements required to aid and support this very elaborate and well-developed strategy our bodies have developed over many eons.

Mode of Action
As described above, SSR formula uses ionic mineral complexes capable of penetrating tissue, benefiting normal cells, and destroying diseased or mutant cells. If one assumes most of these minerals and vitamins are at homeostasis in localized tissues, administering of a quickly adsorbed dose of these same ingredients topically, will result in equilibria shifts, and genetic expression of transporter proteins, SOD proteins and other desired enzymes. The area will be provided with support for increased energy output and antioxidants to maintain safe levels of ROS species. In addition, the immune system will be activated in the area to remove or inhibit microbial activity and promote healthy cell renewal and abnormal cell removal. The described method of action on disease is based on both the scientific theory section above and the test results section below.

Selected ionic mineral complexes are capable of penetrating cell membranes at a rapid pace. SSR formulation may present highly bio-available minerals to cells. Minerals should be blocked from excess absorption by normal cells, which will not allow entry of an abnormally high concentration of minerals. Instead, excess minerals should travel through cells without disrupting normal cell functions. Mutated cells are often characterized by abnormally low concentrations of essential minerals, most likely due to regulatory malfunction. These abnormal cells receive an overload of minerals, resulting in mineral toxicity. Once targeted cells die, tests have observed the body expels the dead cells naturally through the skin, urine, or feces, as well as, phagocytosis. It can also be postulated that toxic levels of minerals that exist in dead cells, are spread to adjoining mutated cells and continue the toxic cascade till cells and debris is cleared from the body.

Another mode of action is the effect of the ionic mineral complex on bacteria or other pathogens or saprophytic organisms that surround and act to encapsulate diseased cells such as tumors are typically surrounded by a sheath containing the disease. High numbers of viruses and bacteria have been identified in the protective membrane and may be responsible for the membrane’s existence. The bio-available ionic mineral complexes in SSR formula have antimicrobial properties, including blocking of active sites on proteins, competition for metals that are normally incorporated in proteins and inhibiting or blocking DNA gene expression. These mineral complexes may be capable of penetrating the interface between healthy and diseased tissues affecting organisms within the protective membrane.

We believe the composition of SSR formulation may expose mutated cell as a foreign body to the immune system and by doing so, activate an immune response that may attack a mutated cell. If this assumption is valid then this activated immune response causes the body to destroy the mutated cell by expelling or absorbing the cell.

In summary, when SSR mineral complex is introduced into a cell, we predict minerals will dissociate from the complex and be highly biologically available to the cell. These minerals are predicted to kill mutated cells, viruses, bacteria, and fungi through different modes of action. They cause degradation of growth and death of aberrant diseased cells, functioning much like antibodies to any foreign body during an immune response.

Clinical Proving and Targeted Testing
SSR formula has not undergone formal clinical trials. However, limited informal tests are described below. The topical formulation has undergone successful skin irritation testing including laboratory testing against a number of pathogens. Based on results of these preclinical case investigations, it is expected that SSR formula can be effective for targeted infections. This SSR formula lends itself to further adjustments in formulation to enhance its activity in a variety of desired areas. Those areas include antibiotic properties, skin renewal through stem cell and fibroblast support, or cancer-like abnormalities (38) using targeted approaches to disregulation in energy pathways, mineral uptake characteristics or blocking genetic expression of abnormal proteins.

SSR formula has undergone testing starting with various animals. Years of testing and reformulation with numerous informal human investigations have shown remarkable success. Case studies performed using this composition evidenced bio-available minerals appear to destroy multiple types of pathogens which mutate cells. This was evidenced in several case studies by rejection of diseased tissue mass transported to the skin surface from beneath the epidermis. (39) In other cases, patients reported white streaks in their stool and/or white specks in urine, which are thought to be the expulsion of dead mutated cells.

Anecdotal case studies conducted revealed that an area will react to this formula according to the type of cell mutation. No pronounced reaction will take place if toxic or mutated cells are not present. If anaerobic cells or a pocket of aberrant diseased cells are present, the reaction will be pronounced with redness in the area of application or white cloudy material in urine and/or stools. Dead, mutated cells may be transported to the surface with a bluish gray color indicative of Zn/Cu abundance. A red rash indicates additional mutated cell activity is being transported to the surface of the skin. Black scabs and nodules are typical of toxins and indicate their transport to the surface. The redness may persist, and skin may develop a scab or boil type lesion that may break and be absorbed into the body. Itching or slight pain may be experienced by patients, particularly when tumors are expelled through the skin. The process from treatment to the final disappearance may take from 10 days to several months depending on the location and stage of health of the subject. In nearly all case studies, all locations became free of non-typical cells, and the skin healed with minimal scarring at the conclusion of treatment. Pink colored skin (believed to be new cell generation) appeared post application procedure, indicated a renewal of the dermis in the area of application.

Application procedures have also been able to detect locations of deep layer skin conditions including precancerous conditions in some users. After application of topical SSR formulation to a known skin disease or condition, other locations of previously unknown skin conditions began to present.

Important to Note:
Minerals that are not in biologically available form will not be able to eliminate or otherwise disable disease cells because minerals cannot pass through the membrane coating the outer surface of disease cells and/or cannot travel in an extracellular fashion. SSR biologically available minerals will attack all the vulnerable targets in disease cells because of systemic capabilities of the formulation. By contrast, without being processed properly, zinc sulphate will be rejected at the cell membrane and only a small amount of zinc ions will enter the cell, making this method highly ineffective.
When using SSR formulation, the cell membrane should be easily transversed and possibly ruptured, the inner cell compromised because of the Krebs cycle (aerobic vs. anaerobic) as described above, and the genetic code of diseased cells destroyed by apoptosis. There should be no further deviations from genetic code to produce new strains that may be resistant to SSR Formula. In fact, there are no known resistances to human and/or animal disease when the primary source of product being used is a mineral.

SSR Formula, with its biologically available zinc/copper, SOD counteracts effects of overproduction of superoxide by utilizing a mineral complex system which can permeate into affected tissues and counter overproduction of superoxide. A zinc/copper superoxide dismutase (SOD) is used that neutralizes debilitating effects suffered by individuals that are producing excessive superoxide causing symptoms of several disorders. SOD is also known as an anti-inflammatory treatment for traumas. It is considered over 3,000 times stronger than vitamin C as a nutrient. Thus, a key attribute of SSR Formula is not only its ionic minerals but its SOD, both highly biologically available.

Contact killer ingredient; silver citrate/citric acid solution
It is well established that only silver in its ionic or complexed forms is antimicrobially active, while the elemental silver, even in the so-called “nanocrystalline” state is not. Silver containing compounds are attractive because in the range of the applicable concentrations, silver ions do not exhibit toxicity and carcinogenic activities. Silver compounds have been found to be very successful against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Summary
SSR formula transports highly bio-available zinc and copper ions systemically. It is thought that these ions will kill non-normal cells, bacteria, fungi, and viral infected cells. Anecdotal evidence has shown SSR formula will not adversely affect and can actually enhance healthy cells. Since the dermis is constantly renewing on the order of days and weeks, continued application will promote the next generation of skin growth to be well nourished and possibly more vibrant and resilient than a previous iteration. Viruses may mutate cells to reproduce and become anaerobic, therefore, these newly mutated cells can be eliminated as well as most infectious pathogens. Many in the biopharma industry have discovered immunotherapy technologies which yield several compounds that hold some promise for these disease sufferers.
SSR formula is a solution that offers a non-invasive delivery system, whose characteristics, and mode of action may help eliminate the malfunctioning cells associated with constant exposure to environmental and biological attacks, as well as, genetic dispositions to these diseases.

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26. Analysis of Zinc-Exporters Expression in Prostate Cancer, Chandra K. Singh, Kareem M. Malas, Caitlin Tydrick, Imtiaz A. Siddiqui, Kenneth A. Iczkowski & Nihal Ahmad, Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 36772. https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5105060/
27. Unlocking Zinc’s Potential to Fight Cancer, https://www.cancertreatmentsresearch.com/unlocking-zincs-potential-to-fight-cancer/
28. Zinc intoxication induces ferroptosis in A549 human lung cells, Lauren D. Palmer, et.al., Metallomics. 2019 May 22; 11(5): 982–993.
29. Copper, zinc and superoxide dismutase in precancerous, benign diseases and gastric, colorectal and breast cancer, T Magálová, V Bella, A Brtková, I Beno, M Kudlácková and K Volkovová, Neoplasma 1999:46(2):100-4.
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33. Tumors Disrupt the Immune System Throughout the Body: Different Tumor Types Have Distinct Effects on Mouse Immune System; Parallel Findings in Humans Suggest Applications for Cancer Immunotherapy, Jeffrey Norris, Research June 3, 2020, https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2020/06/417666/tumors-disrupt-immune-systemthroughout-body
34. Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antiviral Agents, Stefania Galdiero, Annarita Falanga, Mariateresa Vitiello, Marco Cantisani, Veronica Marra and Massimiliano Galdiero, Molecules 2011, 16, 8894-8918.
35. Cytoprotective Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Rutin against Oxidative Changes in the Proteome of Skin Fibroblasts Cultured in a Three-Dimensional System, Agnieszka Ge ̨gotek, Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz and Elz ̇ bieta Skrzydlewska, Nutrients 2020, 12, 1074.
36. Fibroblast, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast#Structure 21
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39. Black Salve / Bloodroot ⁄ Healing Cancer with Alternative Methods, https://cancercompassalternateroute.com/ therapies/black-salve/ Other References of Interest Zn as Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory the association of serum zinc and copper with hypertension: A meta-analysis, Zhaoying Li, Weijing Wang, Hui Liu, Suyun Li, Dongfeng Zhang, J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2019 May:53:41-48. The association between serum zinc level and overweight/obesity: a meta-analysis, Kunfang Gu, Wenzhi Xiang, Yue Zhang, Ke Sun, Xiubo Jiang, Eur J Nutr. 2019 Dec.58(8):2971-2982. Coppers role Reducing copper level possible intervention for cancer, Dr. Kevin Conners, Cancer Tutor, Sept. 27 2019. https:// www.cancertutor.com/copper-genes-cancer/ Cell Mechanisms Contribution of calcium-conducting channels to the transport of zinc ions, Alexandre Bouron, Johannes Oberwinkler, Pflugers Arch. 2014 Mar. 466(3):381-7. Subunit-specific modulation of T-type calcium channels by zinc, Achraf Traboulsie, Jean Chemin, Marc Chevalier, Jean-François Quignard, Joël Nargeot, and Philippe Lory, J Physiol. 2007 Jan 1: 578(Pt 1): 159–171. SOD role in Cell Defense and Antioxidation Superoxide dismutase 3 as an inflammatory suppressor in A549 cells infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae JIAYUAN JIN, YE CHEN, XING-YOU WANG, CHEN-MING LI, WEI-LIN CHEN and LI, J Biosci (2020)45:133.
Reprinted by permission from Meditrend, LLC, and distributed by Sundancer Products, Corp with consent of author John McBride, PhD Biochemistry

Attachment A – R&D Spending
Sundancer contains a trade secret formula; “Sun-FROST™” (an acronym for (Free Radical Oxygen Scavenger Technology). Sun-FROST™ has been developed over a 25-year period with $20+ Million in research and development. The primary expenditures were for University/Agency validation studies and key account trials to obtain data related to biological availability, vector resistance, supplementation, cell regeneration and energy input for recovery from environmental and/or chemical stressors related to plants. Human and animal non-clinical trials were conducted with 400+ subjects over a period of 7 years on skin diseases and conditions with excellent results.
Other funds were used for six missions to the International Space Station through separate Space Act Agreements with NASA.

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